Underwater vehicles configured to perform vertical profiling and diagonal profiling, and corresponding methods of operation

ABSTRACT

An underwater vehicle may be configured to perform vertical profiling and diagonal profiling. The vehicle may include a body having an elongated shape with a central longitudinal axis orthogonal to a central lateral axis. The vehicle may include lateral control surfaces. The lateral control surfaces may be disposed outside of the body and mechanically coupled with the body at a position proximal to the central lateral axis. The lateral control surfaces may be configured to rotate about a control axis parallel to the central lateral axis in order to control an attitude of the vehicle during ascent or descent. A given one of the lateral control surfaces may have a portion extend from the mechanical coupling in a direction perpendicular to the control axis.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure relates to underwater vehicles configured to performvertical profiling and diagonal profiling, and corresponding methods ofoperation

BACKGROUND

A conventional profiling float is an oceanographic instrument platformthat changes its buoyancy in order to move vertically in the ocean,repeatedly collecting data that spans a range of depths (“profiles”).Horizontal motion is dictated by ocean currents. Common sensors includetemperature, conductivity, and pressure (from which salinity can becalculated), though a wide range of other sensors have been deployed onfloats. Often, floats may be treated as disposable, as the expense ofrecovering them from remote areas of the ocean is prohibitive; in othercases, floats may be deployed for a short time and recovered. A majoruser of profiling floats is the Argo program.

SUMMARY

Exemplary implementations may provide an underwater vehicle configuredto perform vertical profiling and diagonal profiling by using twomovable fin-like lateral control surfaces. According to someimplementations, the vehicle may be configured to: (1) turn to a desiredheading within a few vertical meters of movement, (2) keep station inocean currents, (3) provide vertical measurement profiles within themixed layer, (4) provide a simplified design for significantly decreasedmanufacturing costs, (5) provide a simplified buoyancy and attitudecontrol for significantly decreased power requirements, and/or provideother features. The vehicle may be configured to provide conventionalvertical profiles rather than the mixed horizontal-vertical samplingprovided by a glider. Some implementations may include a hydraulicbuoyancy engine providing comparable performance to larger systems usedin gliders and Argo floats. According to some implementations, thevehicle may be configured to initially rotate rather than turn to orientin an intended direction of flight. As such, the vehicle may beconfigured to turn towards a waypoint while leaving the surface muchmore quickly and over a small vertical distance than a conventionalglider. The vehicle may include a variety of sensors that measure theupper ocean in a profile mode with directional capabilities. Incontrast, conventional profiling floats profile vertically but drift atthe mercy of currents, wind, and/or other forces. Conventional glidersdo not provide a vertical profile because gliders display too muchhorizontal displacement to perform vertical profiles.

One aspect of the disclosure relates to an underwater vehicle configuredto perform vertical profiling and diagonal profiling. The vehicle mayinclude a body having an elongated shape with a central longitudinalaxis orthogonal to a central lateral axis. The body may have an upperend on the central longitudinal axis and a lower end on the centrallongitudinal axis. The vehicle may include lateral control surfacesincluding a first control surface and a second control surface. Thelateral control surfaces may be disposed outside of the body andmechanically coupled with the body at a position proximal to the centrallateral axis. The lateral control surfaces may be configured to rotateabout a control axis parallel to the central lateral axis in order tocontrol an attitude of the vehicle during ascent or descent. Theattitude may be an inclination of one or both of the centrallongitudinal axis or the central lateral axis relative to one or morepositional references. A given one of the lateral control surfaces mayhave a portion extend from the mechanical coupling in a directionperpendicular to the control axis.

Another aspect of the disclosure relates to a method for operating anunderwater vehicle configured to perform vertical profiling and diagonalprofiling. The method may include rotating lateral control surfacesdownward. The lateral control surfaces may be disposed outside of a bodyof the vehicle having an elongated shape with a central longitudinalaxis orthogonal to a central lateral axis. The lateral control surfacesmay be mechanically coupled with the body at a position proximal to thecentral lateral axis. The lateral control surfaces may be configured torotate about a control axis parallel to the central lateral axis inorder to control an attitude of the vehicle during ascent or descent.The attitude may be an inclination of one or both of the centrallongitudinal axis or the central lateral axis relative to one or morepositional references. A given one of the lateral control surfaces mayhave a portion extend from the mechanical coupling in a directionperpendicular to the control axis. The method may include decreasing abuoyancy of the vehicle to cause the vehicle to descend. The method mayinclude canting the lateral control surfaces slightly from vertical andaway from the central longitudinal axis such that the vehicle rotatesuntil it reaches a desired glide angle. The method may includeresponsive to reaching the desired glide angle, rotating the lateralcontrol surfaces to be approximately parallel to the centrallongitudinal axis of the vehicle.

These and other features, and characteristics of the present technology,as well as the methods of operation and functions of the relatedelements of structure and the combination of parts and economies ofmanufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of thefollowing description and the appended claims with reference to theaccompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification,wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in thevarious figures. It is to be expressly understood, however, that thedrawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only andare not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention. As usedin the specification and in the claims, the singular form of “a”, “an”,and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictatesotherwise.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1A and 1B respectively illustrate a front view and a side view ofan underwater vehicle configured to perform vertical profiling anddiagonal profiling, in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 2 illustrates a control module disposed within the vehicle, inaccordance with one or more implementations.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 3E illustrate various views of the vehicle ina glide angle descent configuration, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, and 4E illustrate various views of the vehicle ina transitional descent configuration, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D illustrate various views of the vehicle in aturning descent configuration, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, and 6E illustrate various views of the vehicle ina glide angle ascent configuration, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E illustrate various views of the vehicle ina transitional ascent configuration, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C illustrate various views of the vehicle in aturning ascent configuration, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C illustrate various views of the vehicle in a spinconfiguration, in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D illustrate various views of the vehicle ina surface configuration, in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C illustrate various views of the vehicle in afolded or unfolded configuration, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for operating an underwater vehicleconfigured to perform vertical profiling and diagonal profiling, inaccordance with one or more implementations.

FIG. 13 illustrates controlling a trim of the vehicle, in accordancewith one or more implementations.

FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D illustrate various spatial relationshipsbetween a center of mass of the vehicle and a center of buoyancy of thevehicle, in accordance with one or more implementations.

FIGS. 15A and 15B respectively illustrate spatial relationships betweenthe center of mass of the vehicle and the center of buoyancy of thevehicle during descent and ascent, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 16 illustrates a sequence of configurations of the vehicle duringan initial phase of a diagonal descent, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

FIG. 17 illustrates a sequence of configurations of the vehicle duringan initial phase of a diagonal ascent, in accordance with one or moreimplementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1A and 1B respectively illustrate a front view and a side view ofan underwater vehicle 100 configured to perform vertical profiling anddiagonal profiling, in accordance with one or more implementations. Insome implementations, vehicle 100 may include one or more of a body 102,lateral control surfaces 104, and/or other components.

The body 102 may have an elongated shape with a central longitudinalaxis 106 orthogonal to a central lateral axis 108. In someimplementations, body 102 may be substantially shaped as a cylinder. Thebody 102 may have an upper end 110 on and a lower end 112. The lower end112 may be positioned below upper end 110 regardless of whether vehicle100 is descending or ascending. One or both of upper end 110 or lowerend 112 of body 102 may be shaped for hydrodynamic efficiency (e.g.,conical, tapered, and/or other hydrodynamic shapes). The body 102 may beconfigured to withstand pressures associated with various water depths.In some implementations, body 102 may be configured to withstandpressures associated with water depths of 1000 or more meters.

The lateral control surfaces 104 may be disposed outside of body 102.The lateral control surfaces 104 may be mechanically coupled with body102 at a position proximal to central lateral axis 108. The lateralcontrol surfaces 104 may be configured to rotate about a control axis114 parallel to central lateral axis 108 in order to control an attitudeof vehicle 100 during ascent or descent. In some implementations,lateral control surfaces 104 may be offset from central lateral axis 108but attached to and rotate about central lateral axis 108, bisectingcentral longitudinal axis 106. Attitude may describe an inclination ofone or both of central longitudinal axis 106 or central lateral axis 108relative to one or more positional references. Examples of suchpositional references may include one or more of a surface of a body ofwater, a vertical line normal to a surface of a body of water, the fourcardinal directions, a direction of a current in a body of water, and/orother positional references. A first control surface 104 and a secondcontrol surface 104 may be configured to rotate independently from eachother about control axis 114.

A given lateral control surface 104 may have a portion 116 extendingfrom the mechanical coupling in a direction perpendicular to controlaxis 114. A given lateral control surface 104 may be longer in adirection perpendicular to control axis 114 relative to in a directionparallel to control axis 114. A given lateral control surface 114 may beasymmetric about control axis 114. In some implementations, an arm (notdepicted) extending from control axis 114 may connect the mechanicalcoupling with a given lateral control surface 104. A given lateralcontrol surface 104 may be tapered at one or both ends to avoid foulingof seaweed and other floating debris. A size and/or shape of a givenlateral control surface 104 may be selected based on one or moreconsiderations including desired performance characteristics (e.g.,depth of operation, aspect ratio of diagonal movements, and/otherperformance characteristics), environmental conditions (e.g., currentsand/or other conditions), presence of one or more external sensors (notdepicted) that may interrupt flow during descent or ascent, and/or otherconsiderations. A given lateral control surface 104 may be configured torotate at least 180 degrees about control axis 114.

In some implementations, a given lateral control surface 104 may beoffset with respect to central longitudinal axis 106. This mayfacilitate self-leveling by creating a keel of sorts for stabilization.Such a “high wing” design may allow vehicle 100 to maintain rollorientation and stability about central longitudinal axis 106. Thecontrol axis 114 may coincide with the mechanical coupling. The controlaxis 114 may be non-coplanar with central longitudinal axis 106 and isdisposed away from central longitudinal axis 106. The control axis 114may intersect central longitudinal axis 106, in some implementations.The lateral control surfaces 104 may be disposed away from control axis114. According to some implementations, lateral control surfaces 104 maymechanically couple to body 102 by way of a servo motor.

The vehicle 100 may include a control module 118. FIG. 2 illustratescontrol module 118, in accordance with one or more implementations. Thecontrol module 118 may include a navigation module 202, a motion controlmodule 204, and/or other components.

The navigation module 202 may be configured to provide navigationalinformation associated with one or more of an attitude of the vehicle, aposition of the vehicle relative to one or more positional references, adirection of locomotion of the vehicle (e.g., a heading, a waypoint, aspatial operational zone, and/or other descriptions of direction),and/or other information. The navigation module 202 may be configured tointerpret a direction and/or an angle of descent or ascent during aprofile phase. The navigation module 202 may be configured to verifymaximum operating depth, time, pressure, rates of ascent and descent,wave spectra, angular orientation of vehicle 100 during ascent anddescent, and/or other parameters. The navigational information providedby navigation module 202 may be conveyed to motion control module 204.Some implementations may include a feedback mechanism where thenavigational information streams to motion control module 204. In someimplementations, navigation module 202 may include one or more of anaccelerometer (e.g., a 3-axis accelerometer, a 9-axis accelerometer,and/or other types of accelerometers), a gyroscope, a compass, a globalpositioning system receiver, a pressure sensor (e.g., barometricpressure sensor), and/or other sensors or devices.

The motion control module 204 may be configured to control motions ofvehicle 100. The motions of vehicle 100 may include one or more of anattitude of vehicle 100, locomotion of vehicle 100 relative to one ormore positional references, a direction of locomotion of vehicle 100,and/or other motions. The motion control module 204 may be configured tocontrol attitude, rate of descent or ascent, and/or other factors tooptimize maximum horizontal range. The motion control module 204 mayinclude a lateral control surface module 206, a trim control module 208,a buoyancy control module 210, and/or other components.

The lateral control surface module 206 may be configured to separatelyor simultaneously control a position of lateral control surfaces 104relative to body 102. The lateral control surface module 206 may beconfigured to adjust angles of lateral control surfaces 104 for optimaldescent or ascent rate. The lateral control surfaces 104 may rotateapproximately 180° when switching between descent and ascent. In orderto profile or descend diagonally, lateral control surface module 206 mayposition lateral control surfaces 104 synchronously to direct vehicle100 on an angular trajectory. The lateral control surface module 206 maybe configured to control turning of vehicle 100. The lateral controlsurface module 206 may be configured to adjust positions of lateralcontrol surfaces 104 based on attitude feedback from navigation module202.

The trim control module 208 may be configured to control a position of acenter of mass of vehicle 100 relative to a center of buoyancy ofvehicle 100. In some implementations, a ballast weight may be disposedalong central longitudinal axis 106. The center of mass may be adjustedto be slightly below the center of buoyancy, far below the center ofbuoyancy, and/or at other positions. The control of the center of massmay be dynamic based on attitude feedback from navigation module 202.Maintaining proper trim may optimize or improve diagonal descent orascent. Feedback control of an asset angle may facilitatehigh-resolution trim adjustment allowing for optimal horizontaldisplacement.

In some implementations, vehicle 100 may be initially ballasted so thecenter of mass is below the center of buoyancy by a small amount. If thecenter of mass and the center of buoyancy are at the same position,vehicle 100 may exhibit random, unstable vertical behavior. The vehicle100 may be more stable with increasing separation between the center ofmass and the center of buoyancy, with the center of mass being below thecenter of buoyancy.

In some implementations, trim control module 206 may be configured tomanage positions of the center of mass and the center of buoyancy soduring descent or ascent lateral control surfaces 104 are substantiallyparallel to central longitudinal axis 106. An optimal glide ratio may bedependent on a relationship between a rate of descent or ascent, and aposition of the center of mass and/or the center of buoyancy. Feedbackcontrol from navigation module 202 during asset descent or ascent mayfacilitate high-resolution trim adjustment allowing for optimalhorizontal displacement. While diagonally profiling, vehicle 100 may notrequire great adjustability and repositioning of the center of mass.Once vehicle 100 is trimmed during assembly, the only adjustmentnecessary may be to compensate for an incompressible medium migratingfrom an internal reservoir (not depicted) to an external bladder (notdepicted) while changing volume (for buoyancy control).

In some implementations, trim control module 206 may include a mass (notdepicted) disposed within body 102. The mass may be configured totranslate parallel to central longitudinal axis 106 to adjust the centerof mass toward upper end 110 of vehicle 100 or toward lower end 112 ofvehicle 100. The mass may include a solid mass. The mass may include aliquid configured to be pumped between two reservoirs (not depicted)disposed within body 102 of vehicle 100.

The buoyancy control module 210 may be configured to control verticalmotion of vehicle 100 by affecting a buoyancy of vehicle 100. Thebuoyancy of vehicle 100 may be controlled during descent or ascent tomaintain proper velocity and/or optimal horizontal displacement. In someimplementations, buoyancy may be controlled by affecting the overalldensity of vehicle 100 relative to the density of the water in whichvehicle 100 is submersed. Because density is a function of volume andmass, affecting the overall density of vehicle 100 typically may beachieved by affecting one or both of the effective volume of vehicle 100or the effective mass of vehicle 100. Affecting the effective volume ofvehicle 100 may be achieved by increasing or decreasing the volume of aflexible chamber that is external to a fixed volume body of vehicle 100.Affecting the effective mass of vehicle 100 may be achieved by usingsurrounding water to fill a tank disposed within vehicle 100 or drainingthat tank into the surrounding water. The buoyancy control module 210may include one or more of a high-pressure hydraulic pump and valve, alow-pressure air assist pump and valve, a descent control fuse,associated low-level software, and/or other components.

The lateral control surfaces 104 may be movable into a descentconfiguration. The descent configuration may be characterized by theworking portions (e.g., portion 116) of lateral control surfaces 104being disposed proximal to lower end 112 of vehicle 100. The descentconfiguration may include one or more of a glide angle descentconfiguration, a transitional descent configuration, a turning descentconfiguration, and/or other configurations.

The control module 118 may include electronic storage 212 and one ormore processors 214. Electronic storage 212 may comprise non-transitorystorage media that electronically stores information. The electronicstorage media of electronic storage 212 may include one or both ofsystem storage that is provided integrally (i.e., substantiallynon-removable) with vehicle 100 and/or removable storage that isremovably connectable to vehicle 100 via, for example, a port (e.g., aUSB port, a firewire port, etc.) or a drive (e.g., a disk drive, etc.).Electronic storage 212 may include one or more of optically readablestorage media (e.g., optical disks, etc.), magnetically readable storagemedia (e.g., magnetic tape, magnetic hard drive, floppy drive, etc.),electrical charge-based storage media (e.g., EEPROM, RAM, etc.),solid-state storage media (e.g., flash drive, etc.), and/or otherelectronically readable storage media. Electronic storage 212 mayinclude one or more virtual storage resources (e.g., cloud storage, avirtual private network, and/or other virtual storage resources).Electronic storage 212 may store software algorithms, informationdetermined by processor(s) 214, information received by vehicle 100,information received by navigational module 202, and/or otherinformation that enables vehicle 100 to function as described herein.

Processor(s) 214 may be configured to provide information processingcapabilities in vehicle 100. For example, processor(s) 214 may controlone or more components of vehicle 100. As such, processor(s) 214 mayinclude one or more of a digital processor, an analog processor, adigital circuit designed to process information, an analog circuitdesigned to process information, a state machine, and/or othermechanisms for electronically processing information. Althoughprocessor(s) 214 is shown in FIG. 2 as a single entity, this is forillustrative purposes only. In some implementations, processor(s) 214may include a plurality of processing units. These processing units maybe physically located within the same device, or processor(s) 214 mayrepresent processing functionality of a plurality of devices operatingin coordination. The processor(s) 214 may be configured to executecomputer program instructions. Processor(s) 214 may be configured toexecute computer program instructions by software; hardware; firmware;some combination of software, hardware, and/or firmware; and/or othermechanisms for configuring processing capabilities on processor(s) 214.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, and 3E respectively illustrate an isometric view,an end-on view, a side view, a rotated view, and a front view of vehicle100 in the glide angle descent configuration, in accordance with one ormore implementations. The glide angle descent configuration may becharacterized by lateral control surfaces 104 being positionedsubstantially parallel to central longitudinal axis 106 of body 102 ofvehicle 100.

FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, and 4E respectively illustrate an isometric view,an end-on view, a side view, a rotated view, and a front view of vehicle100 in the transitional descent configuration, in accordance with one ormore implementations. The transitional descent configuration may becharacterized by lateral control surfaces 104 being canted relative tocentral longitudinal axis 106 of body 102 of vehicle 100.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 5C, and 5D respectively illustrate an isometric view, anend-on view, a side view, and a rotated view of vehicle 100 in theturning descent configuration, in accordance with one or moreimplementations. The turning descent configuration may be characterizedby a first control surface 104 being canted differently than a secondcontrol surface 104 relative to central longitudinal axis 106 of body102 of vehicle 100.

The lateral control surfaces 104 may be movable into an ascentconfiguration. The ascent configuration may be characterized by theworking portions (e.g., portion 116) of lateral control surfaces 104being disposed proximal to upper end 110 of vehicle 100. The ascentconfiguration may include one or more of a glide angle ascentconfiguration, a transitional ascent configuration, a turning ascentconfiguration, and/or other configurations.

FIGS. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D, and 6E respectively illustrate an isometric view,an end-on view, a side view, a rotated view, and a front view of vehicle100 in the glide angle ascent configuration, in accordance with one ormore implementations. The glide angle ascent configuration may becharacterized by lateral control surfaces 104 being positionedsubstantially parallel to central longitudinal axis 106 of body 102 ofvehicle 100.

FIGS. 7A, 7B, 7C, 7D, and 7E respectively illustrate an isometric view,an end-on view, a side view, a rotated view, and a front view of vehicle100 in the transitional ascent configuration, in accordance with one ormore implementations. The transitional ascent configuration may becharacterized by lateral control surfaces 104 being canted relative tocentral longitudinal axis 106 of body 102 of vehicle 100.

FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C respectively illustrate an isometric view, anend-on view, and a side view of vehicle 100 in the turning ascentconfiguration, in accordance with one or more implementations. Theturning ascent configuration may be characterized by a first controlsurface 104 being canted differently than a second control surface 104relative to 106 central longitudinal axis of body 102 of vehicle 100.

FIGS. 9A, 9B, and 9C respectively illustrate an end-on view, a sideview, and a rotated view of vehicle 100 in a spin configuration, inaccordance with one or more implementations. The spin configuration maybe characterized by the working portions (e.g., portion 116) of lateralcontrol surfaces 104 being disposed proximal to the same end (e.g.,upper end 110 or lower end 112) of vehicle with a first control surface104 and a second control surface 104 being canted in equal amounts butin opposite directions. The spin configuration may facilitate measuringvertical currents by spinning vehicle 100 during ascent where onerevolution may be associated with a known static vertical displacement.Decrease or increase of vertical currents may result in more or lessspin during ascent or descent compared to still water.

FIGS. 10A, 10B, 10C, and 10D respectively illustrate an isometric view,an end-on view, a side view, and a front view of vehicle 100 in asurface configuration, in accordance with one or more implementations.The surface configuration may be characterized by lateral controlsurfaces 104 being disposed substantially perpendicular to centrallongitudinal axis 106 of body 102 of vehicle 100. The surfaceconfiguration may be characterized by lateral control surfaces 104 beingdisposed substantially perpendicular to central longitudinal axis 106,and in opposite directions. When floating at the sea surface, orientinglateral control surfaces 104 horizontally may reduce bobbing. In someimplementations, when floating at the sea surface with an attached drag(not depicted) at a lower depth, vehicle 100 may be configured togenerate electricity via flapping motion of lateral control surfaces104.

FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C respectively illustrate an end-on view of anunfolded configuration, and an end-on view and an isometric view of afolded configuration, in accordance with one or more implementations.The folded configuration may be characterized by lateral controlsurfaces 104 being folded toward body 102 of vehicle 100. The foldedconfiguration may facilitate tube-based deployment (e.g., from a plane)

Using one or more of the configurations described above, vehicle 100 maybe configured to: (1) stay stationary by fighting currents, (2) trackfeatures including acoustic signatures, (3) radially scan an environmentsurrounding vehicle 100, (4) adjust descent or ascent rate by addingextra drag (e.g., moving lateral control surfaces 104 to horizontalpositions), (5) seek to targets (e.g., sub-surface targets, targets onsea bottom, and/or perform other functions.

In some implementations, vehicle 100 may be operatively linked via oneor more electronic communication links. For example, such electroniccommunication links may be established, at least in part, via a networksuch as a satellite network and/or other networks. It will beappreciated that this is not intended to be limiting, and that the scopeof this disclosure includes implementations in which vehicle 100 may beoperatively linked via some other communication media.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method 1200 for operating an underwater vehicleconfigured to perform vertical profiling and diagonal profiling, inaccordance with one or more implementations. The operations of method1200 presented below are intended to be illustrative. In someembodiments, method 1200 may be accomplished with one or more additionaloperations not described, and/or without one or more of the operationsdiscussed. Additionally, the order in which the operations of method1200 are illustrated in FIG. 12 and described below is not intended tobe limiting.

In some embodiments, method 1200 may be implemented wholly or partiallyin one or more processing devices (e.g., a digital processor, an analogprocessor, a digital circuit designed to process information, an analogcircuit designed to process information, a state machine, and/or othermechanisms for electronically processing information). The one or moreprocessing devices may include one or more devices executing some or allof the operations of method 1200 in response to instructions storedelectronically on an electronic storage medium. The one or moreprocessing devices may include one or more devices configured throughhardware, firmware, and/or software to be specifically designed forexecution of one or more of the operations of method 1200.

At an operation 1202, an underwater vehicle (e.g., vehicle 100) may bedeployed in a body of water (e.g., ocean, lake, and/or other body ofwater). In some implementations, the vehicle may be deployed by plane orboat.

At an operation 1204, a navigation module (e.g., navigation module 106)associated with the vehicle may be queried to determine a heading,position, maximum operating depth, and/or other navigationalinformation. Operation 1204 may be performed by one or more processors(e.g., processors(s) 214), according to some implementations.

At an operation 1206, an inclination for a predicted distance anddirection from a waypoint may be determined. The predicted distance maybe based on a maximum operating depth. Operation 1206 may be performedby one or more processors (e.g., processors(s) 214), according to someimplementations.

At an operation 1208, a motion control module (e.g., motion controlmodule 204) may be activated to manage a trim and a buoyancy of thevehicle. The trim may be managed by a trim control module (e.g., trimcontrol module 208). The trim control module may determine a center ofmass of the vehicle. The buoyancy may be managed by a buoyancy controlmodule (e.g., buoyancy control module 210).

FIG. 13 illustrates controlling a trim of vehicle 100, in accordancewith one or more implementations. The trim control module 208 (TCM) mayshift the center of mass (CM) lower and further form the center ofbuoyancy (CB) to increase stability.

FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D illustrate various spatial relationshipsbetween a center of mass of vehicle 100 and a center of buoyancy ofvehicle 100, in accordance with one or more implementations. In FIG.14A, the center of buoyancy moves upward as oil (or other fluid) isdrawn in from a lower external bladder to the internal reservoir,changing the displacement volume of vehicle 100. In FIG. 14B, the centerof mass also moves upward as the oil is moved from below the center ofmass to above the center of mass. The effect on the position of thecenter of mass may be determined by distance and may be adjusted tomatch the amount of shift in the center of buoyancy. In FIG. 14C, oil isdrawn into the internal reservoir to reduce buoyancy for descent. InFIG. 14D, oil is pushed out of the internal reservoir into the externalbladder to increase buoyancy for ascent.

FIG. 15A illustrates a spatial relationship between the center of massof vehicle 100 and the center of buoyancy of vehicle 100 during descent,in accordance with one or more implementations. During descent, thecenter of mass located below the center of buoyancy may apply arotational force about the center of buoyancy when vehicle 100 is notvertical. As vehicle 100 descends, water may push up against lateralcontrol surfaces 104 causing rotational forces that counteract therotational forces resulting from the spatial relationship between thecenter of mass of vehicle 100 and the center of buoyancy of vehicle 100.The center of buoyancy and the center of mass may be disposed alongcentral longitudinal axis 106.

Referring again to FIG. 12, at an operation 1210, a lateral controlsurface module (e.g., lateral control surface module 206) within thevehicle may configure the vehicle for descent. Such a configuration mayinclude moving one or more lateral control surfaces (e.g., lateralcontrol surfaces 104).

At an operation 1212, a descent of the vehicle may be initiated.

At an operation 1214, the motion control module of the vehicle may bequeried to verify a proper dive angle, direction, and descent rate.Operation 1214 may be performed by one or more processors (e.g.,processors(s) 214), according to some implementations.

At an operation 1216, a determination may be made as to whether thevehicle is performing the proper dive angle, direction, and descentrate. If the determination in operation 1216 is negative, method 1200may proceed to an operation 1218. If the determination in operation 1216is positive, method 1200 may proceed to an operation 1220. Operation1216 may be performed by one or more processors (e.g., processors(s)214), according to some implementations.

At operation 1218, the motion control module may adjust one or morelateral control surfaces of the vehicle and/or the center of mass of thevehicle.

At operation 1220, the vehicle may dive to a desired depth.

FIG. 16 illustrates a sequence of configurations of vehicle 100 duringan initial phase of a diagonal descent, in accordance with one or moreimplementations. Initially, vehicle 100 may be in a surfaceconfiguration. The lateral control surfaces may be rotated downward andbuoyancy may become negative. The lateral control surfaces may be cantedslightly from vertical and away from the central longitudinal axis. Thevehicle may rotate until it reaches a desired glide angle. The glideangle may be determined based on a rate of descent. Once the desiredglide angle is reached, the lateral control surfaces may be rotated tobe approximately parallel to the central longitudinal axis of thevehicle.

Turning again to FIG. 12, at an operation 1222, a determination may bemade as to whether the vehicle should ascend and/or activate profilingsensors. If the determination in operation 1222 is negative, method 200may proceed to operation 1224. If the determination in operation 1222 ispositive, method 200 may proceed to operation 1226. Operation 1222 maybe performed by one or more processors (e.g., processors(s) 214),according to some implementations.

At operation 1224, the vehicle may maintain its position.

At an operation 1228, an instruction may be received conveying thevehicle should ascend. Operation 1228 may be performed by one or moreprocessors (e.g., processors(s) 214), according to some implementations.

At operation 1226, the motion control module of the vehicle may beactivated for ascent.

At an operation 1230, the center of mass of the vehicle and the buoyancyof the vehicle may be adjusted for ascent based on navigationalinformation provided by the navigation module. The adjustments may bemade by the trim control module and/or the buoyancy control module.

FIG. 15B illustrates a spatial relationship between the center of massof the vehicle and the center of buoyancy of the vehicle during ascent,in accordance with one or more implementations. During ascent, thecenter of mass located below the center of buoyancy may apply arotational force about the center of buoyancy when vehicle 100 is notvertical. As vehicle 100 ascends, water may push down against lateralcontrol surfaces 104 causing rotational forces that counteract therotational forces resulting from the spatial relationship between thecenter of mass of vehicle 100 and the center of buoyancy of vehicle 100.The center of buoyancy and the center of mass may be disposed alongcentral longitudinal axis 106.

In FIG. 12, at an operation 1232, the lateral control surface modulewithin the vehicle may configure the vehicle for ascent. Such aconfiguration may include moving one or more lateral control surfaces.

At an operation 1234, an ascent of the vehicle may be initiated.

At an operation 1236, the motion control module of the vehicle may bequeried to verify a proper dive angle, direction, and descent rate.Operation 1236 may be performed by one or more processors (e.g.,processors(s) 214), according to some implementations.

FIG. 17 illustrates a sequence of configurations of the vehicle duringan initial phase of a diagonal ascent, in accordance with one or moreimplementations. The lateral control surfaces may be rotated upward andbuoyancy may become positive. The lateral control surfaces may be cantedslightly from vertical and away from the central longitudinal axis. Thevehicle may rotate until it reaches a desired glide angle. The glideangle may be determined based on a rate of ascent. Once the desiredglide angle is reached, the lateral control surfaces may be rotated tobe approximately parallel to the central longitudinal axis of thevehicle.

Looking once more at FIG. 12, at an operation 1238, a surfaceconfiguration of the vehicle may be obtained (see, e.g., FIGS. 10A, 10B,10C, and 10D).

Although the present technology has been described in detail for thepurpose of illustration based on what is currently considered to be themost practical and preferred implementations, it is to be understoodthat such detail is solely for that purpose and that the technology isnot limited to the disclosed implementations, but, on the contrary, isintended to cover modifications and equivalent arrangements that arewithin the spirit and scope of the appended claims. For example, it isto be understood that the present technology contemplates that, to theextent possible, one or more features of any implementation can becombined with one or more features of any other implementation.

What is claimed is:
 1. An underwater vehicle configured to performvertical profiling and diagonal profiling, the vehicle comprising: abody having an elongated shape with a central longitudinal axisorthogonal to a central lateral axis, the body having an upper end onthe central longitudinal axis and a lower end on the centrallongitudinal axis; and lateral control surfaces including a firstcontrol surface and a second control surface, the lateral controlsurfaces being disposed outside of the body and mechanically coupledwith the body at a position proximal to the central lateral axis, thelateral control surfaces being configured to rotate about a control axisparallel to the central lateral axis in order to control an attitude ofthe vehicle during ascent or descent, the attitude being an inclinationof one or both of the central longitudinal axis or the central lateralaxis relative to one or more positional references, a given one of thelateral control surfaces having a portion extend from the mechanicalcoupling in a direction perpendicular to the control axis.
 2. Thevehicle of claim 1, wherein the body is substantially shaped as acylinder.
 3. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the one or more positionalreferences include one or more of a surface of a body of water, avertical line normal to a surface of a body of water, the four cardinaldirections, or a direction of a current in a body of water.
 4. Thevehicle of claim 1, wherein the first control surface and the secondcontrol surface are configured to rotate independently from each otherabout the control axis.
 5. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein a givenlateral control surface is longer in a direction perpendicular to thecontrol axis relative to in a direction parallel to the control axis. 6.The vehicle of claim 1, wherein a given lateral control surface isasymmetric about the control axis.
 7. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein agiven lateral control surface is configured to rotate at least 180degrees about the control axis.
 8. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein thecontrol axis coincides with the mechanical coupling.
 9. The vehicle ofclaim 1, wherein the control axis about which the lateral controlsurfaces rotate is noncoplanar with the central longitudinal axis and isdisposed away from the central longitudinal axis.
 10. The vehicle ofclaim 1, wherein the control axis about which the lateral controlsurfaces rotate intersects the central longitudinal axis.
 11. Thevehicle of claim 10, wherein lateral control surfaces are disposed awayfrom the control axis.
 12. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the vehiclefurther comprises a navigation module configured to provide navigationalinformation associated with one or more of an attitude of the vehicle, aposition of the vehicle relative to one or more positional references,and a direction of locomotion of the vehicle.
 13. The vehicle of claim1, wherein the vehicle further comprises a motion control moduleconfigured to control motions of the vehicle, the motions of the vehicleincluding one or more of an attitude of the vehicle, locomotion of thevehicle relative to one or more positional references, and a directionof locomotion of the vehicle.
 14. The vehicle of claim 13, wherein themotion control module comprises a lateral control surface moduleconfigured to separately or simultaneously control a position of thelateral control surfaces relative to the body of the vehicle.
 15. Thevehicle of claim 13, wherein the motion control module comprises a trimcontrol module configured to control a position of a center of mass ofthe vehicle relative to a center of buoyancy of the vehicle.
 16. Thevehicle of claim 13, wherein the motion control module comprises abuoyancy control module configured to control vertical motion of thevehicle by affecting a buoyancy of the vehicle.
 17. The vehicle of claim1, wherein the lateral control surfaces are movable into a descentconfiguration, the descent configuration being characterized by theworking portions of the lateral control surfaces being disposed proximalto the lower end of the vehicle, the descent configuration including oneor more of: a glide angle descent configuration, the glide angle descentconfiguration being characterized by the lateral control surfaces beingpositioned substantially parallel to the central longitudinal axis ofthe body of the vehicle; a transitional descent configuration, thetransitional descent configuration being characterized by the lateralcontrol surfaces being canted relative to the central longitudinal axisof the body of the vehicle; or a turning descent configuration, theturning descent configuration being characterized by the first controlsurface being canted differently than the second control surfacerelative to the central longitudinal axis of the body of the vehicle.18. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the lateral control surfaces aremovable into an ascent configuration, the descent configuration beingcharacterized by the working portions of the lateral control surfacesbeing disposed proximal to the upper end of the vehicle, the ascentconfiguration including one or more of: a glide angle ascentconfiguration, the glide angle ascent configuration being characterizedby the lateral control surfaces being positioned substantially parallelto the central longitudinal axis of the body of the vehicle; atransitional ascent configuration, the transitional ascent configurationbeing characterized by the lateral control surfaces being cantedrelative to the central longitudinal axis of the body of the vehicle; ora turning ascent configuration, the turning ascent configuration beingcharacterized by the first control surface being canted differently thanthe second control surface relative to the central longitudinal axis ofthe body of the vehicle.
 19. The vehicle of claim 1, wherein the lateralcontrol surfaces are movable into one or more of: a spin configuration,the spin configuration being characterized by the working portions ofthe lateral control surfaces being disposed proximal to the same end ofthe vehicle with the first control surface and the second controlsurface being canted in equal amounts but in opposite directions; asurface configuration, the surface configuration being characterized bythe lateral control surfaces being disposed substantially perpendicularto the central longitudinal axis of the body of the vehicle; or a foldedconfiguration, the folded configuration being characterized by thelateral control surfaces being folded toward the body of the vehicle.20. A method for operating an underwater vehicle configured to performvertical profiling and diagonal profiling, the method comprising:rotating lateral control surfaces downward, the lateral control surfacesbeing disposed outside of a body of the vehicle having an elongatedshape with a central longitudinal axis orthogonal to a central lateralaxis, the lateral control surfaces being mechanically coupled with thebody at a position proximal to the central lateral axis, the lateralcontrol surfaces being configured to rotate about a control axisparallel to the central lateral axis in order to control an attitude ofthe vehicle during ascent or descent, the attitude being an inclinationof one or both of the central longitudinal axis or the central lateralaxis relative to one or more positional references, a given one of thelateral control surfaces having a portion extend from the mechanicalcoupling in a direction perpendicular to the control axis; decreasing abuoyancy of the vehicle to cause the vehicle to descend; canting thelateral control surfaces slightly from vertical and away from thecentral longitudinal axis such that the vehicle rotates until it reachesa desired glide angle; and responsive to reaching the desired glideangle, rotating the lateral control surfaces to be approximatelyparallel to the central longitudinal axis of the vehicle.